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Rumination Response Scale

The Rumination Response Scale (RRS), developed by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, is a self-report questionnaire used to assess the tendency to engage in repetitive, passive focus on distress and its possible causes and consequences. It is widely used in psychological research to measure rumination in both clinical and non-clinical populations.

3 minutes to complete

Eligibility

The Rumination Response Scale is generally completed by individuals aged 16 years and above who are capable of self-reflection and introspection.

Questions for Rumination Response Scale

Questions

1.

How often do you think about how alone you feel?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
2.

How often do you think 'I won’t be able to do my job if I don’t snap out of this'?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
3.

How often do you think about your feelings of fatigue and achiness?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
4.

How often do you think about how hard it is to concentrate?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
5.

How often do you think 'What am I doing to deserve this?'

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
6.

How often do you think about how passive and unmotivated you feel?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
7.

How often do you analyze recent events to try to understand why you are depressed?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
8.

How often do you think about how you don’t seem to feel anything anymore?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
9.

How often do you think 'Why can’t I get going?'

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
10.

How often do you think 'Why do I always react this way?'

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
11.

How often do you go away by yourself and think about why you feel this way?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
12.

How often do you write down what you are thinking about and analyze it?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
13.

How often do you think about a recent situation, wishing it had gone better?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
14.

How often do you think 'I won’t be able to concentrate if I keep feeling this way.'?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
15.

How often do you think 'Why do I have problems other people don’t have?'

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
16.

How often do you think 'Why can’t I handle things better?'

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
17.

How often do you think about how sad you feel?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
18.

How often do you think about all your shortcomings, failings, faults, mistakes?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
19.

How often do you think about how you don’t feel up to doing anything?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
20.

How often do you analyze your personality to try to understand why you are depressed?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
21.

How often do you go someplace alone to think about your feelings?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always
22.

How often do you think about how angry you are with yourself?

The answer should be a single choice:
  1. Almost never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Almost always

Assessments Similar to Rumination Response Scale

  • Evaluation Matrix of Rumination Reactions
  • The Measurement of Rumination Responses
  • Assessment of Rumination Reaction Patterns
  • Quantitative Analysis of Rumination Responses
  • The Scale for Evaluating Rumination Reactions
  • Comprehensive Review of Rumination Response Metrics

Here are some FAQs and additional information
on
Rumination Response Scale

What does the RRS assess?

It assesses how often individuals engage in repetitive, passive thinking about the causes and consequences of their negative emotions.

How is the RRS scored?

Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (almost never to almost always), and scores are summed to provide a total rumination score.

Who can use the RRS?

The RRS is suitable for use in both clinical and non-clinical populations, including research and psychological assessments.

Are there different versions of the RRS?

Yes, there are multiple versions, including the original 22-item scale and a widely used 10-item version focused on brooding and reflection.

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